The Journey of Humanity(Oded Galor)

 1. Causes of the Declining Birth Rate


The cost that parents have to give up to raise children instead of working has increased.

-110p


It shows that the birth rate has also decreased as women's labor opportunities have increased and the gender wage gap has narrowed.

-116p


I think that as mankind has moved away from the agricultural era and become economically wealthy, and as medical advancements have clearly reduced life expectancy and infant mortality rates, it has reached a level where it is no longer necessary to have many children.

Looking at the cases of many advanced countries and our country, there are many people who want to have one child and raise them under good conditions, and many who do not have children and live while enjoying economic benefits, so it seems like a natural progression.

However, in my opinion, the better the environment and opportunities, the more children we wish to have. In the past, it was unthinkable for a child to grow up in a poor and impoverished environment (during the agricultural society and industrial era, productivity was low due to labor shortages, so children had to work.

I think it would be better for a child to grow up in a society where anyone can succeed if they have the good environment, system, and ability they have now.

Some people may think that the present is more difficult and not so good, but if you look at it from a little further away (I don’t think that school grades alone determine a child’s future), it is because you cannot know how the child will grow up or what kind of person they will become.

I think that no one in life has a good outcome and no one has a hard time.

‘Everyone grows and matures in the midst of hardships and adversity, or in the process of adapting to a new environment.’ - The Story of Chemistry That Changed World History (mobile e-book: 249p)

I think this is a good phrase from a book I read recently.

We are currently going through many problems, but I think that humans will soon solve these problems and the future will be promising.

​


2. An economically successful country has these characteristics There is.


Democracy empowers the public to overcome special interest groups in society, thereby providing more equal opportunities and distributing talents appropriately by occupation, which in turn increases productivity and brings about economic prosperity.

-181p


Poverty in developing countries is mainly the result of inappropriate policies in the economic and government sectors

-273p


As a representative example, the author would like to talk about democracy.

As mentioned in this book, the differences between South Korea and North Korea were used as an example.

Our country went through the Korean War and a period of extreme poverty, but has now become an economic powerhouse.

I think the cornerstone of this was liberal democracy.

I think that everything we do now, such as easily drinking coffee, using the Internet anytime and anywhere, purchasing anything, exporting home appliances and various products used all over the world, and living freely, was achieved through liberal democracy.

If we had chosen communism like North Korea, we would have been monitored, restricted, spent 10 years in the military, starved or died of illness, and had to either secretly buy a cup of delicious Starbucks coffee with a lot of money or be born as the children of executives.

Of course, liberal democracy also has many problems, but I think that it is enough to understand that it makes everyone equal and economically prosperous, as seen in the situation between the South and the North over the past 70 years.

Ultimately, I think that economic prosperity means exchanges with other countries.

We need to have something that other countries don't have so that we can sell it for a lot of money, and that much money will be reinvested and bring us economic prosperity.

I think that what we don't have is the technology we have today.

And these technologies are ultimately created by people.

As I briefly mentioned above, I'm not talking about school grades.

Did Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, Warren Buffett, and Elon Musk grow up while receiving private tutoring? I think it's because they found what they do best and thought about making humans more convenient. I hope that many excellent talents will emerge from our country as well.

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